A few years ago, there was lots of debate among attorneys about whether summary judgment was still a disfavored remedy in employment discrimination cases in federal court.  (For those readers unclear what "summary judgment" is, the Wikipedia entry is a pretty good start and George’s Employment Blawg has a nice post about how to best prepare

Summary Orders (in other words, decisions with no precedential value) by the Second Circuit typically are not worth noting. However, a decision released today is telling for the court’s view of race and gender discrimination cases and it can be cited by parties under certain limitations.

In Williams v. Consolidated Edison of New York,

Some commentators have argued that the federal courts are increasingly hostile to employees who bring employment discrimination claims in federal court. One study, for example, suggested that plaintiffs simply have too many obstacles to overcome in federal court.

A new study on summary judgment practices by the Federal Judicial Center suggests that such a perception may be

Disciplining employees for violations of company policy is, as a general rule, a good thing for an employer to follow.  However, when a company disciplines employees differently for the same offense, perceptions of discrimination (rightly or wrongly) can creep in.

Morgue file - public domainA new case released this afternoon from the United States District Court illustrates that.  In

It has been over a year since the Supreme Court’s decision in Garcetti v. Ceballos, which held that where a public employee speaks as an employee and not a public citizen, such speech is not protected under the First Amendment. 

Courts applying the decision have tried to impart some parameters to the Court’s decision such

Denials of motions for summary judgment tend to be routine matters. Find a "disputed material fact" or two and it becomes a matter for a jury to consider. Similarly, some motions for summary judgment are so obvious that only a short decision.  However, a recent decision by District Court Judge Dominic Squatrito highlights two issues that ought to be a concern for employers and defense counsel.
 
In Abbate v. Cendant Mobility Services Corporation, (July 13, 2007),  the District Court denied summary judgment to an employer on an ADA claim.

The employer, in seeking summary judgment, sought to rely on the fact that the employee received disability benefits and was "totally disabled" under the short-term and long-term disability plans provided by Aetna.  It appears that the employer sought to rely almost entirely on this aspect. 

However, the court 

found that the benefits determination that the employee was "totally disabled" did not consider her ability to do the job with a reasonable accommodation. Therefore, the benefits determination was not  an "inreconcilable direct conflict" with evidence the employee submitted that suggested she could do the job with a reasonable accommodation.
 
The lesson for employers here is obvious: If you are going to suggest that the employee is not "otherwise qualified" for a position under the ADA, you should not simply rely on the benefits determination. Rather, you should seek out other sources to show that the employee is unable to work under any circumstances.  Notably, this decision does not hold that the benefits determination is inadmissible as evidence; only that the determination is not dispositve of the issue.
 
A second point for employers to consider is that the court — in determining whether the employer’s reason for the termination was pretextual (i.e. not worthy of credence) — relied on questions that the employer’s counsel asked at the deposition.  In its moving papers, the employer claimed that the employee was fired for failure to provide a return to work statement. However, at the deposition, counsel for the employer asked the employee if she was "now aware" that her position was eliminated, purporting to challenge the employee’s belief of her claims. 
 
This aspect of the decision is troubling because even in jury instructions, juries are often instructed to ignore attorney’s questions or statements because they are not evidence.  Thus, this opinion should serve as a cautionary tale to counsel and employers that the reasons for the employee’s termination need to be settled and firm early on. Any changes to the theory — even in small "tweaks" — leaves the employer open to criticism that it is changing its reasons.

Continue Reading Benefits Determination Not Dispositive on ADA Issue

A few days ago, I noted that the new District Court of Connecticut website now posts the federal judge’s Chambers Practices online.  For employment law practitioners, two of the judge’s chambers practices refer to the judge’s views on discrimination cases and the use or overuse of dispositive motions on such claims.

Judge Alvin Thompson and Judge Christopher